The Information Technology Services Project Management...

Definition of methodology Project methodology provides the Information Technology Services project teams with group of rules to manage projects. Methodology is a tool provider to make every one s job easier, mainly who manages the project, which contains the description, steps and templates to various project activities that require delivering successful projects. Project Management Methodology is a factually defined sequence of logically related practices, methods and processes that determine how best to plan, develop and deliver a project throughout the continuous implementation process until the completion. It is a scientifically-proven that systematic and disciplined approach project execution, design and completion of project. A methodology provides a skeleton for describing every step in depth, so that a project manager will know what to do to deliver and implement the work according to the budget, schedule and client specification. Role of methodology in the Project Management The primary challenge of project management is to achieve all the project goals within the given conditions. These requirements are usually described in a user or project manual, which is created at the beginning of the development process of the project. The primary conditions are time, scope, budget and quality. The secondary challenge is to optimize the allocation of necessary inputs given and integrate them to meet pre-defined objectives in the project. What is the waterfall modelShow MoreRelatedOrganization Planning, Project Management, and Information Technology1319 Words   |  6 PagesApplication: Organization Planning, Project Management, and Information Technology The successful implementation and subsequent meaningful use of information technology solutions within a health care organization is a challenging and iterative process. The organization must engage in careful and ongoing strategic and tactical planning to ensure that the implemented technology will ultimately be effective and beneficial for its practitioners, staff, and patients. To prepare for this ApplicationRead MoreSystems Analysis Design And Project Management Individual Assignment1371 Words   |  6 Pages Systems analysis design and project management Individual Assignment Raad Alteimeh University of North Alabama CIS 625-I03 Enterprise Systems Analysis Design Professor David Nickels System analysis and design Information system analysis and design is a complex, challenging, and stimulating organizational process that a team of business and systems professionals uses to develop and maintain computer-based information systems (Valacich, J. S., George, J. F. (2017). It is a process thatRead MoreAgile Project Management : Shanaz Sithara Mohamed Samsudeen1212 Words   |  5 PagesAGILE METHODOLOGY CITF 120 – IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT - Shanaz Sithara Mohamed Samsudeen Agile movement as it applies to software development and other types of projects. The world is a global village. Change is the only constant that prevails. This has increased the need to be more adaptive to the challenges (changes) that are put forth. In project management, the need to be flexible has grown than ever before to turn the project successful. They have to meet with several constraints at differentRead MoreSoftware Development Life Cycle ( Sdlc )1196 Words   |  5 PagesSoftware engineering process collects and translates business requirements into technology solutions, by developing software applications. Different departments have various software applications in companies. Software development life cycle (SDLC) is a structured step-by-step approach for developing information systems. It includes below major 7 steps 1. PLANNING – In this phase, solid plan to be created for developing information system. 2. ANALYSIS – This phase involves end users and IT specialists workingRead MoreDesign Management And Modern Project Management Essay1656 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Project management is ovary found in many scenarios. It is a universal practice that comprises few basic concepts. In essence, every project in the world will require project management. Project management has different sides and variations. Nonetheless, the basic principles are the same for the different varieties. It is important to note that each variation has unique features. These features are used to address unique problems and conditions as specified by each domain. Two typesRead MoreA Detailed Look Into The System Implementation1640 Words   |  7 Pagesdetailed look into the system implementation, methodologies, tools used, test-plan and feasibility study of the proposed system. 2.2 Definition of Terms Throughout this document various technical terms have been used as initials to specific technologies or professional and government bodies and also to describe procedures. Below are the terms and their descriptions: LR. NO Land reference number. LIMS Land information system. NLMIS National land information system. KENREF Kenya Reference FrameRead MoreControlling Triple Constraints Of Scope, Time And Budget1425 Words   |  6 Pagescontrolling triple constraints of scope, time and budget. Project managers need measurements to manage a project’s outcome and in my view, we cannot manage anything if we cannot measure. The measurements like cost and time are easy to measure using quantitative technique. It is a challenge to measure intangible benefits and need qualitative method or mixed method. Project Management Methodologies There are many proven project management methodologies are available today for organizations to achieve theirRead MoreRelated Cost Leadership And Customer Needs1628 Words   |  7 Pages Cover page Cover mainly – related Cost leadership and Customer needs Questions : 1. We have many other services in each of the services.... But their description is not related to the services.. Shud i include them not included here... :( 2. Can imaged be inserted into the sections 3. Should I mention au.nec.com only or different urls need to be included at respective instances 4. If I get more than 7 pages for only info †¦ what are the ways to trim the content in the file CorrectionsRead MoreStatement of Purpose Engineering Business Management842 Words   |  4 Pagesof my national service, I set my eyes on gaining more work experience and then pursuing a Msc degree. I am excited to now be on the cusp of making that dream a reality. I have come a long way from the reserved college freshman who dreaded the thought of being a student class leader because it involved public speaking, to a flamboyant leader and colleague. I conquered those fears to now become the Project Coordinator for the GRA (Ghana Revenue Authority) and GCNET E-Government project. My engineeringRead MoreStages Of The Software Development Life Cycle1218 Words   |  5 Pages 1. Identify 4 different stages of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and explain how requirements are used in each stage of the SDLC. Design, build, test and deploy are four stages that are used in the SDLC methodology of software development. Business, technical and security requirements are a part of these four phases and used for the system’s development. In the design phase, the requirements are used by the IT staff to form the exact specifications and details on how the system is

A Slave s Burden By Frederick Douglass - 1741 Words

A Slave’s Burden When a person thinks of education, he/she thinks of something they get as a kid growing up. It is something they choose to do, something that is fun, something they use to earn social status and more money. But what if it was something that was required to survive? What if learning to read or write was a death sentence instead of an asset? What if education led to something better or something much worst? Reading, The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass, by Frederick Douglass; highlights key points about slavery, religion, and education. It focuses on the struggles of illiteracy in slaves and how it was used as a mechanism for management and restraint. Douglass proves how education empowers and instills strength in himself as well as other slaves to escape and realize their self-worth. The literature talks about Douglass’ beginnings, his road to education, and his escape to the north as an educated man. Douglass also sheds light on slavery and how slaves were treated and ho w they were manipulated and controlled by their very own ignorance. In The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass, Slave owners and distributors treated slaves like livestock, kept them in line by the use of religion and brutality, and made sure they stayed ignorant and uneducated to the slave industry s benefit. Slaves were nothing more than property; sometimes treated worse than animals. Douglass described the treatment of slaves like animals. He stated, â€Å"We were all ranked togetherShow MoreRelatedFrederick Douglass How I Learned to Read and Write939 Words   |  4 PagesFrederick Douglass How I Learned to Read and Write During the 1800’s, the institution of slavery was still ongoing in the few slave states left in America. Slavery was still proving to be unjust and unfair, not allowing for African Americans to be considered equals. However, some slaves were able to overcome the many restrictions and boundaries that slavery forced upon them. In Frederick Douglass’ essay â€Å"Learning to Read and Write,† Douglass portrays himself as an intelligent and dignifiedRead MoreThe Cruelty Of Masters Toward Slaves1235 Words   |  5 Pagesof Masters toward Slaves During the nineteenth century, masters would mistreat their slaves. Some examples of this misconduct would be whippings, a lack of food, a lack of clothing, and malicious language directed at the slave. The injuries that the slaves would receive could never heal because before the wounds could heal, they would be beaten again. Frederick Douglass, a slave during the 1800s, in his autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave, he strives to persuadeRead MoreFrederick Douglass And The Abolition Of Slavery1713 Words   |  7 Pagesimplications. Frederick Douglass resisted slavery by understanding the fundamentals of it, standing up for himself, and formulating an escape. James Oakes argues the direct resistance displayed by slaves, like running away, was significant and necessary to the abolition of slavery as a whole. Oakes understood slave resistance as a positive, necessary force. He believed the most effective resistance displayed by slaves was day-to-day resistance, or a variety of acts designed to ease their burdens and frustrateRead MoreThe Black Man And Bob Ewell, A White, Poor Man1329 Words   |  6 Pagesby society. Tom robinson, a black man and Bob Ewell, a white, poor man. These two men are different but they are treated differently because of what society observes of them. In Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, the author Frederick details the trajectory of his life because he was a slave. The society is injustice towards him because of his skin and his social class. he is a worker and an illiterate person to them. These characters come together as subhumans, who are victimized by societyRead MoreFrederick Douglas And Solomon Northrup Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pageslife stories where they exposed their experiences as slaves in the Southern world.Slaves holders make several arguments to justify slavery, meanwhile, slaves themselves completely disagree with all the things the masters claim. Violence versus paternalism, true christianity and hypocritical christianity, and the role knowledge and ignorance and whether slaves are truly happily plays are all powerful ideas in both sides convey . To begin with, slave masters thought of themselves as a paternal figureRead MoreFrederick Douglass And Hester Prynne1701 Words   |  7 Pagesdifficult to believe that Frederick Douglass and Hester Prynne could be anything alike. For starters, Frederick Douglass was a real person. A true historical figure in the Antebellum period of The United States. This was a man who was born a slave, escaped to his freedom and became one of the louder voices calling to abolish slavery. Then we have Hester Prynne, who is a fictional character from the mind of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Her time period was years before that of Douglass, as she lived Puritan NewRead More Comparing Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave and Incidents in the Life2158 Words   |  9 PagesComparing Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave and Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl What provokes a person to write about his or her life? What motivates us to read it? Moreover, do men and women tell their life story in the same way? The answers may vary depending on the person who answers the questions. However, one may suggest a reader elects to read an autobiography because there is an interest. This interest allows the reader to draw from the narratorsRead MoreThe Moral Dilemma And Hypocrisy Of Slavery Essay1907 Words   |  8 Pagesslavery.† President Lincoln’s rhetoric reflects the challenge to define freedom in America; moreover, it reflects his morality and commitment to upholding personal freedom. It justifies why he does not ignore slavery, as well as why he did not see slaves as property, but as a group of humans who had been abusively denied freedom, and stripped of their humanity for no reason other than avarice personal gain. Slavery was coerced labor that relied heavily on intimidation, brutality, and dehumanizationRead MoreThe Li fe Of Enslaved Children And What Those Experiences Tells Us About The Institution Of Slavery1744 Words   |  7 Pagesreadings, â€Å"African American Voices,† By Steven Mintz, â€Å"Prince Among Slaves,† By Terry Alford, â€Å"Lose Your Mother† By Saidiya Hartman and lastly a secondary piece of literature by Frederick Douglass, â€Å"My Bondage My Freedom.† The life of a child captive in slavery would vary depending on their environment and whom they belonged to. Their experiences ranged from what was perceived as normal, aside from the fact that they were slaves all the way to cruel and unusual punishment. Childhood is essentialRead MoreThe Humiliating Nature of Enslavement, Sexual Savage Exploitation, and Degradation in Autobiographical Narratives of Frederick Douglass and Harriet Ann Jacobs2068 Words   |  9 Pages sexual savage exploitation, and degradation in autobiographical narratives of Frederick Douglass and Harriet Ann Jacobs In the age of Romanticism, slavery and the slave trade provoked sharp criticism and controversy and played a very significant role in shaping public opinion and causing moral opposition to injustice and tyranny. Since Columbus’s journey opened the doors of the Atlantic passage to African Slave Trade, slavery became man’s greatest inhumanity to man â€Å"converting† the victims

Analytical Comparison Essay free essay sample

Dysfunctional Children Raised By Disobedient Parents Dysfunctional children all have one main factor to their disobedience and that is horrible parenting. From a single mother raising the child to parents fighting and arguing Inside the house In front of the kids. The article, Mine Is Right: The Primal Scream of Teenage Music, By Mary Breasted, demonstrates that dysfunctional kids show the greatest emotion due to disobedient parenting. All of this was compared to music from todays artists.The article, Dont Mention the Family, By Jason Cooley, Has many segments from different publishers showing the cons of all parenting. From single mothers, beat down dads, to abuse in the household from both parents, but both have salary reviews on bad parenting. Bad parenting causes children to behave more different than normal due to fear, or wanting attention. Many examples are shown from music from artists that have been through it already. He spoke the vulgar truth in every word. Teenage girls getting pregnant and have no one to tell, so they drop out of school to support their child. Boys who grew up with no father try to find a big brother or father figure on the streets, causing them to get into trouble. Although Tuba Shaker never knew his father and had a mother who was charged for possession of crack when he was young. Tuba loved his mother and although she made mistakes, he cherished everyone moment he had with her because Tubas mother was the one who raised him into a man who respected the womens gender. Another rap artist she used in her argument was Shawn Carter, also known as Jay-Z.Jay-Z did not have a father as he grew up. Both Tuba and Jay-Z grew up as adolescents, who sold drugs, had guns, lived in the ghetto, and had a mentality of a thug or gangster. Even though they had those cons, they both rapped about being good parents will prevent your kids to be like them. The fact that child abandonment is also a theme in hip-hop might help explain what otherwise appears as a commercial puzzle?namely, how particular music moved from the fringes of black entertainment to the every center of the Every teenager mainstreams (Breasted).Hip-hop music does not only symbolize adolescent black teens, but also disobedient white teens. The main point that Breasted uses to argue her issue is the Rap artist, Marshall Matters, also known as Amine. Amine grew up with no father, and a where of a mom. His step dad abused him and Amine retaliated and fought back. Amine rapped about irresponsible parents throughout most of his music. In Amines music, He states that Children need their parents and not having parents causes all hell to break loose. Amine does talk down on women, but he does not send it out to all women, just his mom and his ex- wife for not being women, but being better mothers. Todays teenagers are a sees, and the parents who made them that way refuse to get it (Breasted). The connection that Amine makes to his fans from the song he published, Sing For The Moment, is a connection that parents, in his view, just dont get. Breasted states that, the visuals from the song show clearly what the lyrics depict?hordes of disaffected kids.Flashbacks to bad home lives, screaming out to the singer who feels their pain. Amine gets criticized for being foul- mouthed, and hate Of Others, but he offers a cautionary tale that speaks to our civilizations growing depravity. The only ones who understand Amines main was his fans, and their parents still had no clue what was going on with their children. In the article, Dont Mention The Family, By Jason Cooley, mentions from one of his sources that poverty is the real issues, not fathers. Most single parents are poor.We shouldnt blame the parents, but the Government as well. Better welfare causes single parents from becoming poor. Another point he brings into his argument is that having both parents in the house is not the best choice either. Parents will argue and fight in front of their children and can cause a huge mental and emotional confrontation within the child. Arenas will debate what their roles is as a parent are in the household. so, what the left should get is family values based on an ethic of care and underpinned by one of justice, which enshrines the value of equality (Leister).Another point Cooley argues is that a stable family is a key to a young childs early years. Good parenting, which usually includes both parents, and help from the grandparents, can surpass poverty and expand a childs life chances. Both articles argue and provide an abundant of evidence to support their argument. Although Mary Breasted used Music artists, she clearly shows that cost of the artists know what disobedient teens are feeling. Many say that Hip-Hop music is vulgar and show violence, the words in every song show the true meaning of some peoples lives.Many teen girls are getting pregnant, and they do not know what to do about it. Boys are joining gangs, and becoming thugs by selling drugs, carrying hand held weapons, etc. Bad parenting causes all of these in todays society. Jason Cooley does not blame it on the parents; the evidence he provides blames the government. The parents tried their best to raise their children, even if their best was not good enough, but the government could have helped them. Better welfare could have prevented lack of parenting due to jobs.Not only does bad parenting cause dysfunctional children, but so does poor government. Tuba, Jay-Z, and Amine all grew up in the low-poverty areas, which caused absent of fathers, lack of parenting from mothers, and a trend throughout the community surrounding them. Fifth government gave better welfare, no one would have to live like that unless it is by choice or poor decision-making. The strengths of both articles show that parenting skills are necessary when raising kids. Keeping children out of trouble, and paying attention to their child in need.

Women of The Underdogs Essay Example For Students

Women of The Underdogs Essay Mariano Azuela’s novel. The Underdogs. is a male-dominated novel. The narrative of the feats and wartime escapades of a rebel set during the Mexican Revolution is chiefly driven by work forces ; the bulk of the characters are work forces who are separated from their households and lives and who are contending for a cause in which they strongly believe ( at least at the beginning of the novel ) . Despite the masculine narrative. nevertheless. there are two extremely developed and important female characters in The Underdogs. These adult females. Camila and War Paint. are a representation of two of the functions adult females played during the Mexican Revolution. While the portrayals Azuela pigments of these adult females and their function in society and revolution are improbably accurate. he does pretermit the explore the other avenues of engagement that adult females had in the revolution. Thus. Azuela semi-accurately portrays the functions that adult females played in the re volution during this clip through the characters of Camila and War Paint. We will write a custom essay on Women of The Underdogs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Through these two adult females. the modern reader can accomplish a sense of understanding as to two of the primary functions that adult females played during the revolution in the early twentieth century. Camila is a immature adult females who embodies a chiefly domestic function. supplying comfort. attention and shelter to the Rebel soldiers as so many adult females did during this clip in Mexican history. War Paint provides a blunt contrast to the mild Camila ; as her name suggests. she is a ferocious and hardened warrior. a soldadera. Her function in the revolution is much different: she really joins the ranks of the Rebel set led by Demetrio Macias. and battles alongside the work forces. While the two adult females are extremely developed characters who accurately represent the part of society from which they come. there are many adult females who participated in the revolution whose functions did non fall into the â€Å"domestic† and â€Å"warrior† classs. Many adult females were journalists. lobbyists. and propagandists ; some were nurses. be givening to the hurt exterior of their places ; some even participated in spiritual protesting. Therefore. while Camila and War Paint’s functions in Azuela’s portraiture of the Mexican Revolution are accurate and well-developed. there is a much larger image of women’s functions that is losing from the novel. Womans in Mexican Society: Pre-Revolution In order to efficaciously understand how women’s functions in Mexican society changed during the Mexican Revolution. we must analyze the social outlooks of women’s behaviour before this disruptive clip in their history. Womans in Mexico between the 18th and 19th centuries experienced many alterations as the enlightenment swept across Europe and impacted Spain. Were adult females merely good for bring forthing kids and caring for a hubby? The reply to this inquiry was in the procedure of being determined even every bit early as the eighteenth century. In the late 1700’s. little stairss were taken to reform the intervention and outlooks of adult females. Education. even if improbably limited direction was to be had. became more accessible to adult females populating in urban countries ; alterations were made in order to let adult females to come in the work force ; adult females were even pushed and encouraged to fall in in the battle for independency. As with many states during this clip. women’s rights had been limited for centuries. so the alterations that were made in Mexico during the Enlightenment allowed adult females to interrupt free of the cast that society had placed upon them and research other avenues. They could work outside of the place. have an instruction. and take part in political relations. even if it was to a limited extent. Many adult females did take part in the wars of independency. offering their services for the benefit of the state. After the freedom was eventually achieved. adult females were expected to return to their private domains and traditional functions ; that is. raising a household. maintaining a place. and caring for a hubby. However. many adult females did non wish to return to their old lives ; they continued organizing organisations. subscribing requests. and trying to demo the authorities how valuable their parts to society could be. They seem to hold succeeded. at least limitedly ; the authorities seemed to acknowledge that adult females could be valuable social participants. but made accommodations to the ways that they would be allowed to take part. Education was oriented toward the place and household. organisations and requests set up by females remained entirely for adult females. and the similar. Regardless of developments in the authorities. nevertheless. adult females did go on to raise and foster their households and serve their communities as they had prior to the wars of independency. .u417a06a5aab34c43ee7d2ed02cc55e79 , .u417a06a5aab34c43ee7d2ed02cc55e79 .postImageUrl , .u417a06a5aab34c43ee7d2ed02cc55e79 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u417a06a5aab34c43ee7d2ed02cc55e79 , .u417a06a5aab34c43ee7d2ed02cc55e79:hover , .u417a06a5aab34c43ee7d2ed02cc55e79:visited , .u417a06a5aab34c43ee7d2ed02cc55e79:active { border:0!important; } .u417a06a5aab34c43ee7d2ed02cc55e79 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u417a06a5aab34c43ee7d2ed02cc55e79 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u417a06a5aab34c43ee7d2ed02cc55e79:active , .u417a06a5aab34c43ee7d2ed02cc55e79:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u417a06a5aab34c43ee7d2ed02cc55e79 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u417a06a5aab34c43ee7d2ed02cc55e79 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u417a06a5aab34c43ee7d2ed02cc55e79 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u417a06a5aab34c43ee7d2ed02cc55e79 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u417a06a5aab34c43ee7d2ed02cc55e79:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u417a06a5aab34c43ee7d2ed02cc55e79 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u417a06a5aab34c43ee7d2ed02cc55e79 .u417a06a5aab34c43ee7d2ed02cc55e79-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u417a06a5aab34c43ee7d2ed02cc55e79:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Atomic Bomb 8 EssayBy the clip the Mexican Revolution began. adult females were ready to be recognized to the full for their endowments and abilities. While many adult females chose to remain behind the scenes and attention for the soldiers on the out of boundss. like Camila in The Underdogs. there were every bit as many adult females who chose to actively take part in the revolution. Womans such as War Paint chose to go combatants. while others followed less unsafe waies ( although many were every bit as extremist ) . Despite the fact that Camila and War Paint are both accurate representations of the adult females who chose the same waies during the revolution. there are still many different functions that adult females played during this clip that Azuela does non admit. Womans in The Underdogs: Is It Enough? Even though Camila and War Paint’s narratives are woven throughout the â€Å"bigger picture† of Azuela’s novel. their characters are meticulously developed and show readers how adult females within their functions in society and revolution were expected to act ( and how they really behaved ) . Camila is present throughout the full narrative ; if non in individual. than in name. She is the domestic. mild miss who stays on the out of boundss of the conflicts and passively delaies for injured. hungry or dog-tired soldiers to demo up on her doorsill and let her to care for them. War Paint. on the other manus. has a wild personality and refuses to allow her life be dictated by outside influences ; she joins the Rebel set as a combatant. non a caretaker. There were existent adult females who would hold embodied the features of War Paint and Camila and participated in the same or similar activities during the revolution. but there were besides many other adult females who did nil of the kind. Thus. Azuela could hold done a much better occupation portraying. or at least adverting. the other types of opposition and engagement of adult females in the revolution. War Paint and Camila’s functions in the revolution and society environing it. nevertheless. do give readers a semi-accurate portrayal of some things that adult females were making to take part in civilization and society during this clip in Mexican history. Camila: Womans in Society during the Revolution Camila. the domestic. first appears after Demetrio Macias has been wounded in a battle. The Rebels carry their leader on a stretcher to a little small town. where they expect Camila and the other adult females to take attention of him and nurse him back to wellness. Azuela introduces Camila as an obedient miss who follows tradition and conforms to the outlooks environing her function in society as a adult female. After Macias is brought into her small town. A really friendly miss brought a jicara filled with bluish H2O. Demetrio grabbed the calabash with his trembling custodies and drank avidly. â€Å"Want any more? † Demetrio raised his eyes: the immature adult female had a really ordinary face. but her voice was filled with much sugariness. Camila is a typical small town miss. carry throughing her responsibility of supplying attention to the soldiers who show up on her doorsill. The immature miss shortly becomes infatuated with Luis Cervantes. though he does non return the fondness. and Macias desires for Camila to go his lover. After the Rebels leave her small town. she disappears from the narrative until Macias decides to direct for her. She does so go his lover at this point. siting along with the Rebel set and supplying Macias with the amenitiess he asks of her ; nevertheless. she is non precisely the most convenient individual to be labeling along with the set. as she cries on a regular basis and is invariably acquiring into statements with War Paint. Camila is finally stabbed after an statement with War Paint. which devastates Macias. who so turns all of his attempts to contending. Camila embodies the features of the domestic adult female in Mexican society during the revolution. By the clip the Mexican Revolution began. 80 % of the population of Mexico lived in rural countries untouched by the modernisation that occurred in urban countries ; therefore. the bulk of adult females were housewifes. farmers’ married womans. or sellers at small town markets. selling flowers. veggies. or nutrient to hungry travellers. Many adult females who lived in these rural countries chose non to contend were frequently forced to offer their places. nutrient. and organic structures for the comfort of those contending for the Rebel cause. Supplying attention to the work forces of the revolution was non the lone function that adult females played. nevertheless. Some adult females joined the ranks as combatants. every bit good. War Paint: Women’s Functions in the Revolution As the lone female warrior presented in the novel. War Paint is proven to be one of the most plucky and hotheaded characters. The first description that Azuela gives of her shows her wild spirit and non-conformist attitude: .u421d6e56b83e6f8bac59467f9f857250 , .u421d6e56b83e6f8bac59467f9f857250 .postImageUrl , .u421d6e56b83e6f8bac59467f9f857250 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u421d6e56b83e6f8bac59467f9f857250 , .u421d6e56b83e6f8bac59467f9f857250:hover , .u421d6e56b83e6f8bac59467f9f857250:visited , .u421d6e56b83e6f8bac59467f9f857250:active { border:0!important; } .u421d6e56b83e6f8bac59467f9f857250 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u421d6e56b83e6f8bac59467f9f857250 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u421d6e56b83e6f8bac59467f9f857250:active , .u421d6e56b83e6f8bac59467f9f857250:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u421d6e56b83e6f8bac59467f9f857250 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u421d6e56b83e6f8bac59467f9f857250 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u421d6e56b83e6f8bac59467f9f857250 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u421d6e56b83e6f8bac59467f9f857250 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u421d6e56b83e6f8bac59467f9f857250:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u421d6e56b83e6f8bac59467f9f857250 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u421d6e56b83e6f8bac59467f9f857250 .u421d6e56b83e6f8bac59467f9f857250-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u421d6e56b83e6f8bac59467f9f857250:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The modern world Essayâ€Å"Are you Demetrio Macias. so? † asked the immature adult female all of a sudden. spliting in from atop the saloon. singing her legs and tapping Demetrio on the dorsum with her coarse leather places. â€Å"At your service. † he replied. hardly turning his caput about. Indifferent. she continued traveling her exposed legs. demoing off her bluish stockings. War Paint’s debut to the narrative is a complete contrast to the immature and mild Camila. who seems. for the most portion. to obey the outlooks of adult females from anterior to the Mexican Revolution. War Paint refuses to bow to pre-revolution criterions for adult females and alternatively nowadayss herself in the complete opposite visible radiation: as a Rebel. She is perfectly successful in this enterprise. and really becomes one of the Rebel combatants. As a female combatant. she is known as a soldadera ; these adult females were among the first of their race and civilization to fall in ranks with work forces and battle for a cause. Many adult females chose to follow the same way as War Paint and becomes soldaderas. These female soldiers were foremost developed during the wars of independency as adult females joined the ranks of soldiers to fix nutrient. rinse their vesture. and assist to take attention of them when they were injured. During the Mexican Revolution. they traveled around with the Rebel bands that their hubbies or lovers belonged to. frequently take parting in the combat themselves. War Paint fits this description: she joins the Rebel set with the adult male she loves. Towhead Margarito ( though she is besides attracted to Macias ) . Artists and authors during this period frequently portrayed these soldaderas as heroes. making pictures ( and. for writers like Azuela. characters like War Paint ) and even vocals that were sung about female combatants. While this was non the most popular avenue for adult females populating in Mexico during the revolution. there were still many that did take this way of rebellion. alternatively of a less unsafe one. Other Women’s Roles during the Mexican Revolution As was antecedently stated. Camila and War Paint. while their characters do embody two of the big functions that adult females played during the Mexican Revolution. are non representative of their full sex. Aside from going soldaderas to fall in in the combat or remaining place to be given to soldiers that needed attention. there were many other activities that adult females participated in to demo their support for the revolution. Womans were active participants in countries such as news media. where they would compose about the revolution and its effects on society ; they would propagandise and protest to promote other work forces and adult females to fall in in the opposition ; some of the educated adult females became nurses on the front lines of the combat and on the place forepart ( similar to Camila’s function ) . Some adult females participated in opposition groups. assisting to garner ammo and weaponries and transport them to those contending. every bit good as execut ing messenger undertakings and espionage. Many of the in-between and upper-class adult females who lived in urban countries off from the combat avoided engagement wholly. Prior to the revolution. adult females were merely get downing to emerge as of import members of society and some were make bolding plenty to force the bounds of what was deemed â€Å"acceptable† female behaviour. While many adult females of the revolution chose to conform to those outlooks and go the caretakers of the soldiers. like Camila. there were many more like War Paint who fought against them. They were non merely soldaderas. They did much more than that. but Azuela doesn’t reference them in The Underdogs. The adult females of the Mexican Revolution were active participants in many more Fieldss than merely the two that Azuela portrayed through Camila and War Paint. While his female characters do demo how domestic adult females and soldaderas were active participants in the revolution. he neglects to demo merely to what extent adult females in general really engaged in the revolution. Readers get a good sense of the function of the domestic caretaker and the female combatant. but learn nil about the nurses. protestors. propagandists. journalists. and the similar from his novel. Plants Cited Arrom. Silvia Marina. The Women of Mexico City. 1790-1857. Stanford: Stanford University Imperativeness. 1985. Azuela. Mariano. The Underdogs: A Novel of the Mexican Revolution. Trans. Sergio Waisman. New York: Penguin Books. 2008. Buchenau. Jurgen. Mexican Mosaic: A Brief History of Mexico. Wheeling: Harlan Davidson. Inc. 2007. Macias. Anna. â€Å"Women and the Mexican Revolution. 1910-1920. † The Americas. Vol. 37. No. 1 ( July 1980 ) . pp. 53-82.

The Dalai Lama essays

The Dalai Lama essays The Dalai Lama is one of the most important leaders of the 20th and 21st centuries. He has lived both a very remarkable and influential life. He was born a normal man, but is now the leader of the Buddhist people. He has many qualities that have shaped his life, and helped him through his troubles. In this essay, I will tell you the story of the Dalai Lama. The Dalai Lama was born in the small poverty stricken town of Taktser. He was born on July 6th 1935 under the name Lhamo Thondup, which means Wish Fulfilling Goddess. He and his family were one of twenty families living in Taktser. At the age of two, Lhamo was chosen as the incarnation of the previous Dalai Lama. This is very remarkable because he is one of few to be reincarnated as the Dalai Lama. Buddhist people believe that the Dalai Lama will be reincarnated after he dies. He then left to the Tibetan capital of Lhasa, and became the spiritual leader of the Buddhist people. The Dalai Lama had three older brothers and one older sister. His eldest brother, Thupten Jigme Norbu, had already been recognized as the reincarnation of one of the high lamas. His sister, Tsering Dolma, who was 18 at the time of the Dalai Lamas birth, had helped to take of him and take care of the household. One of the Dalai Lamas mentors was his dad. He helped to guide him through his young childhood. He remembered him as being a kind man, but every now and then had quick temper. He recalls his mother as undoubtedly one of the kindest people I have ever known. After being sent to Lhasa, and becoming older, the Dalai Lama received his primary education. He pursued a doctorate in being a monk. As all monks do he studied subjects that included logic, Tibetan art and culture, Sanskrit, medicine and Buddhist philosophy. The last and the most important, and most difficult, was subdivided into five further categories: Prajnaparamita, the perfection of wisdom; Madhyamik...

Best (and Cheapest) Summer Destinations

Best (and Cheapest) Summer Destinations Summer is finally here and it’s your opportunity to give your mind and body a well-earned rest from the rigors of college life. Sure, you could spend your precious vacation running the never-ending mouse-wheel of work, television, and family reunions. Or, you could keep doing school throughout the summer and run the risk of complete burnout when September arrives. Take a little advice from the pros: use your vacation to go somewhere that will rejuvenate your body, mind, and spirit. These 5 vacation destinations will inspire you without leaving you in financial ruin. 1. Blake Island, Washington If you have a hankering to get off the mainland but you can’t afford that Hawaiian airfare, look no further than the beautiful Native American respite of Blake Island. Just across the Puget Sound from bustling Seattle, you can take the ferry to Tillicum Village for just $40. You can explore the 400+ acres of natural beauty, attend the traditional salmon bake, or bring your tent and camp out next to the ocean. And, if you are looking for more exciting night life, you can always head back over to the city where you can check out the clubs, comedy, and shows that are sure to entertain on a budget. 2. Miami Beach, Florida At airfare of under $500 per person, going to Miami is all about adventure on a dime. Not only is the beach covered in attractive and available college vacationers, but the city offers benefits for every type of traveler. Stay in one of the modern hotels in the Art Deco District of South Beach or take in the beautiful camping sites at the Miami Everglades Resort for just $31 per day. In addition, the U.S. has just reopened the ferry service from Miami to Cuba. For just $300, you can literally leave the states behind and party Havana-style. 3. San Diego, California Why spend all the money to go to Mexico when you can recreate a South-of-the-border adventure right here on U.S. soil? San Diego is not only an inexpensive choice (less than $400 per flight), but the ocean city is full of low-cost fun that will leave you relaxed and tan. Visit the acclaimed San Diego Zoo ($48), Seaworld ($35), or get a Go San Diego card ($189) that gives you access to those attractions plus Legoland, San Diego Safari Park and 35 other attractions. Or, if you don’t want to spend a dime, drive up the coast to beautiful Huntington Beach. You can take a free stroll up the boardwalk, browse the amazing art galleries, or just enjoy some of the best surfing in the USA! 4. Louisiana Scenic Byways Getting to Louisiana is the easy part, with airfare ranging from $350 and down. But, if you want to avoid the craziness and expense of New Orleans, a great option is to rent a car and drive the spooky back roads that act as a time vortex. You’ll be amazed at the gorgeous greenery and shocked at the tiny towns along the way where everyone still sits on their porch and waves to passersby. Enjoy Zydeco music, amazing food (like Boudin), and drive-through alcohol stands in tiny towns like Beaux Bridge, Bogalusa, and Ville Platte – where all the road signs are still in French and the radio announcers still speak Creole. 5. Denver, Colorado At some of the best plane ticket prices on this list (between $100 and $300), Denver offers everything a college student could want except for free beer. The mile high city touts amazing camping, hiking, and rock-climbing as well as all the big-city amenities you could want. In addition, for those who are cannabis-friendly, the city offers a budding collection of growers, bakers, and dispensaries for you to peruse. If that’s not your speed, take a trip south to the small town of Castle Rock for one of the most amazing renaissance fairs in the west. Or, just hole up in Denver proper and visit the Denver Aquarium, Denver Aviation Museum, or Six Flags Elitch Gardens – all for under $50 each!

Gender and Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gender and Language - Essay Example On the other hand, men are believed to talk less, but tend to be dominant in their conversations. They also tend to talk more about businesses than personal lives as opposed to women. Holmes Janet in her article "Women Talk Too Much" and Rafelman Rachel in her article â€Å"The Party Line" make their argument on the different myths and realities about how genders communicate. This paper will analyze the effectiveness of each of these writer’s arguments. Janet Holmes (2008) in her article starts with the myth â€Å"Women talk too much† and starts by showing just how women in the society tend to converse more than men. She argues that the reasons why it is a myth that women talk too much is because the traditional proverbs tend to argue so, many of these were created before feminism age. She sets the record straight be depicting men as the ones who out talk women. Some of the proverbs she uses in her argument to make it effective that these proverbs are the ones that sti ll linger on people’s thoughts making them believe that women talk more than men include â€Å"The tongues of women are like the tails of lamb, they are never still† and â€Å"The North sea will soon be requiring more water than a woman short words’ These proverbs set the pace for her argument she is clearly shows that the opposite is in fact true. She features a Canadian research that attempted to find out who between men and women talk the most. In the study the researchers, Deborah and Janice reviewed sixty-three studies about the amount of talk men and women in America have in different contexts. Of the sixty-two women were found to talk more only in two studies (Holmes, 2008). Holmes also argues that men dominate conversations. She argues that in many conversations men are the ones who start the conversations and tend to control its direction. They therefore, take the women as their subordinates in conversations and often talk more than the women. To argue the case for male dominance in conversations, Holmes (2008) argues uses a New Zealand study that suggest men take the dominative role in conversations. Franken, the researcher in the study compared the time men and women talked in T.V talk show. She established that men took more time than the women. This clearly supports her idea that the notion women talk too much is just a stereotype and not factual because in reality the opposite is true (Holmes, 2008). Rafelman Rachel (1997) in her article â€Å"The Party Line† argues that case for men and women tend to talk about different things. She does not tend to take any side of the divide of who talks more than the other. Her arguments tend to suggest that men and women tend converse more than the other depending on the context. To show this she talks of parties where genders would split so that they can talk about what they like most. While the women discussed personal lives, the men were all about businesses as they drunk. Thi s clearly shows that men will talk more in business and political platforms than they will when it comes to personal matters. The use of the party makes her argument effective and clear to understand. Men also like to talk more about sports than women. Her argument is therefore, convincing that genders talk more when the context of the conversation surrounds their interest and likes (Rafelman, 1997). Rafelman (1997) tend to believe that in

International strategic management Individual assignment Essay

International strategic management Individual assignment - Essay Example However, before plunging into the deeper perspective of the said topic, looking into the history of democratic government of Russia as well as its inclusion to the G8, and how G8 was formed, is an important thing to do to further assess the capability of the said country to lead in a prestigious and important group such as the G8. Also, there are those who doubt the capability of G8 as some have claimed that Russia has still remnants of communists' ideology which is in contrary to the ideals of G8. In this case, there are those who claim that the country's loyalty to G8 is still in question as there are still hanging issues with regards to the country, and therefore the country must first arrange its internal problem before venturing into such issue. If we are to deal with history, the country has engaged into cold war with the United States and other countries. This was due to the decision of the former Soviet Union to have a socialist/communist government in the aforementioned country. This made USSR engaged in a long-tern economic hiatus on trade, investments and other related endeavors which deprived the country of enjoying several economic benefits and international tie-ups with regards to trade and investments. However, in 1991, the country has experienced a tremendous change... The reforms immediately devastated the living standards of much of the population, especially the groups dependent on Soviet-era state subsidies and welfare entitlement programs. Through the 1990s, Russia's GDP fell by 50 percent, vast sectors of the economy were wiped out, inequality and unemployment grew dramatically, while incomes fell. Hyperinflation wiped out a lot of personal savings, and tens of millions of Russians were plunged into poverty. In August 1991, Yeltsin won international plaudits for casting himself as a democrat and defying the August coup attempt of 1991 by hard-line Communists. But he left office widely despised as a desperate, ailing autocrat among the Russian population. As president, Yeltsin's conception of the presidency was highly autocratic. Yeltsin either acted as his own prime minister (until June 1992) or appointed men of his choice, regardless of parliament. His confrontations with parliament climaxed in the October 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, when Yeltsin called up tanks to shell the Russian White House, blasting out his opponents in parliament. Later in 1993, Yeltsin imposed a new constitution with strong presidential powers, which was approved by referendum in December" The said move was deemed by the Russian as the dawn of the new day for them as they have seen several investors and trade agreements which boosted the economy of the said country. However, in 1998, the country has experienced downfall of the economy in line with the economic crisis in the world. This prompted Yeltsin to tender his resignation on the eve of New Year in 1999. Vladimir Puttin succeeded the leader and has

Minicase Raines and Warren Finance Essay Example for Free

Minicase Raines and Warren Finance Essay The disadvantage of using company collateral to back the bonds is, the asset used as collateral cannot be sold during the term of the bond and must maintain its value. 2. Seniority of the bond. The seniority of the bond is the order in which bonds will be paid in the event of bankruptcy. The more senior the bond, the higher priority of being paid if there is a bankruptcy, and the lower the coupon rate because the risk to the bond owner is lower. 3. The presence of a sinking fund. A sinking fund is an account set up by the trustee of the bonds. The trustee saves and pools money to purchase, pay off, or call bonds early. Setting up a sinking fund will lower the risk, thus lowering the coupon rate. The risk to the company is not having available funds to feed the trust. 4. A call provision with specified call dates and call prices. A call provision could be included to call the bonds if interest rates drop substantially. The call provision will raises the coupon rate but protect you from paying a high rate for a long period in the event rates drop. 5. A deferred call accompanying the call provision. A deferred call accompanying the call provision would give the bond purchaser a protection period where the bond could not be called. Adding this provision will prohibit you from calling the bond for a set time (call period), and puts you at risk of paying a high interest rate for the deferred period. Therefore, you have a lower coupon rate than a call provision with no deferral period but still higher than a bond with no call provision at all. 6. A make-whole call provision. A make-whole call provision is the safest call for the investor and a lower coupon rate for you. The discount rate is based on the current Treasury rate plus a small-specified percentage. The investor is protected by being made whole if there is a call. 7. Any positive covenants for purchaser and some SS might consider. Positive covenants on bonds are proactive and reduce the coupon rate. Applying positive covenants to the bond makes it more attractive and secure to the investor by applying conditions that protect the investor’s interest. You may wish to consider a covenant to furnish your audited financial statements to the investors. This is something you already do and it would decrease the coupon rate. If you choose to secure with assets (see number 1), including a covenant to assure that the asset is in good working condition would lower the coupon rate. 8. Any negative covenants for purchaser and some SS might consider. Negative covenants on bonds are restrictive and reduce the coupon rate. Applying negative covenants to the bond makes it more attractive to the investor but may hinder the operation by putting limitations on your business actions. You may want to consider a clause that you will not merge with another firm and that you will not issue any additional long-term debt. 9. A conversion feature. A conversion feature allows a bond to convert to stock and unless your company is planning to go public, this would not apply to you. If SS has any plans to go public, you should consider a conversion feature. This feature would benefit the bondholders if the company did go public and if included could lower the coupon rate. 10. A floating-rate coupon. A floating-rate coupon is much like an adjustable rate loan. The coupon rate, tied to a published rate such as the Treasury bill interest rate over a set period, is adjusted per a set schedule such as every six months. There is a disadvantage of doing this when rates are low but will be more attractive to the investor, thus a lower margin. A cap on how much the rate can be increased or decreased would be a good addition if you choose this option. This would be a consideration if you choose not to have a call provision.

Complexity Of Society :: essays research papers

Complexitiy of Society Showing their role in society, women in literature are often portrayed in a male dominated position. Especially in the nineteenth century, women were repressed and controlled by their husbands as well as other male influences. In "The Yellow Wallpaper", by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the protagonist is oppressed and represents the effect of the oppression of women in society. This effect is created by the use of complex symbols such as the house, the window, and the wallpaper which encourages her oppression as well as her self expression. It is customary to find the symbol of the house as representing a secure place for a woman's transformation and her release of self expression. However, in this story, the house is not her own and she does not want to be in it. It represents a prison in which she is trapped. She declares it is "haunted" and that "there is something strange about the house"(Gilman 195). Although she acknowledges the beauty of the house and especially what surrounds it, she constantly goes back to her feelings that "there is something strange about the house"(Gilman 195). Her first impression of the house almost tells you that the narrator knows of the upcoming transformation that will take place in the house while she is there. The barred window in the bedroom, is a specific characteristic of the house that symbolizes her trapped feeling in the house. Traditionally a window symbolizes the felling of a view of possibilities, but now it is a view of things she doesn't want to see. Through it she sees all that she could be and could have. But closer to the end she says "I dont like to look out of the windows even - there are so many of those creeping women, and they creep so fast"(Gilman 205). She knows she has to hide or she too will have to creep in order to be part of society and she does not want to see all the other women who have to do the same because she knows they are a reflection of herself. "Most women do not creep by daylight," means that they need to hide in the shadows; they try to move without being seen (Gilman 203).The window no longer holds as a gateway for her because of the bars holding her into her place in society. She will be controlled by man and will not be allowed to express her self. She will be forced to creep. The most important symbol in all of "The Yellow Wallpaper" is the wallpaper itself which plays a double role. Complexity Of Society :: essays research papers Complexitiy of Society Showing their role in society, women in literature are often portrayed in a male dominated position. Especially in the nineteenth century, women were repressed and controlled by their husbands as well as other male influences. In "The Yellow Wallpaper", by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the protagonist is oppressed and represents the effect of the oppression of women in society. This effect is created by the use of complex symbols such as the house, the window, and the wallpaper which encourages her oppression as well as her self expression. It is customary to find the symbol of the house as representing a secure place for a woman's transformation and her release of self expression. However, in this story, the house is not her own and she does not want to be in it. It represents a prison in which she is trapped. She declares it is "haunted" and that "there is something strange about the house"(Gilman 195). Although she acknowledges the beauty of the house and especially what surrounds it, she constantly goes back to her feelings that "there is something strange about the house"(Gilman 195). Her first impression of the house almost tells you that the narrator knows of the upcoming transformation that will take place in the house while she is there. The barred window in the bedroom, is a specific characteristic of the house that symbolizes her trapped feeling in the house. Traditionally a window symbolizes the felling of a view of possibilities, but now it is a view of things she doesn't want to see. Through it she sees all that she could be and could have. But closer to the end she says "I dont like to look out of the windows even - there are so many of those creeping women, and they creep so fast"(Gilman 205). She knows she has to hide or she too will have to creep in order to be part of society and she does not want to see all the other women who have to do the same because she knows they are a reflection of herself. "Most women do not creep by daylight," means that they need to hide in the shadows; they try to move without being seen (Gilman 203).The window no longer holds as a gateway for her because of the bars holding her into her place in society. She will be controlled by man and will not be allowed to express her self. She will be forced to creep. The most important symbol in all of "The Yellow Wallpaper" is the wallpaper itself which plays a double role.

Police Operations

Department Organization Paper â€Å"What if the structure of police organizations is shaped by factors beyond easy human contrivance, such as the size and age of the force, the degree of stability in the political environment, the complexity of governmental regulation, the geographical dispersion of the population, or the nature of police work itself† (Maguire 2003)? In this paper I will describe in detail various types of police agencies at the local, state, and federal level and how each is organized, identify the principal roles and functions of police organizations and their role as it applies to the law, and also identify major organizational theories associated with policing. * There are many different types of police organizations that specifically deal with specific circumstances. On the other hand there are broad organizations that deal with a wider scope of jurisdiction and rules.I will just touch on the major organization within police work at the local, state, and federal levels. The first organization (city and county) are the first level of policing. Moreover, these agencies have municipal police, county police, and the county sheriffs. (Wikipedia 2010) â€Å"The Municipal police are law enforcement agencies that are under the control of local government. Their powers are delegated by legislation or directives by higher levels of government† (para. 3). They receive pay by local budgets and have fewer rights than that of state police.Municipal police are generally a part of law enforcement that acts more of a deterrent, only limited by the by the equipment that they carry. They can range from one officer agencies to our own Sacramento PD. The next police organization is state, which includes the state police and bureaus of criminal investigation. State police are controlled by the state supreme courts and are directed by state codes of criminal procedure that define what police must do and what they may not do. â€Å"The most importa nt role of state governments has been to require the licensing or certification of all sworn officers† (Walker and Katz 2008, para. 02). State police have state wide authority to conduct law enforcement activities and also criminal investigations. They perform functions outside the jurisdiction of the county sheriff. Some of their duties include, but are not limited to; enforcing traffic laws on state and interstate highways, protecting the governor, provide technological and scientific support services and help to coordinate with other jurisdictions in aiding serious cases. Another service is the highway patrol that patrols the highways for any infractions concerning traffic and safety.Other state police agencies such as the Bureaus of Investigation (State Detectives), Bureau of Narcotics (Drug Enforcement), Department of Public Safety (provide oversight and coordination over various state level police agencies), and also Marine Patrol (water police), are amongst state patrol s. All these agencies have state wide jurisdiction governed by the state supreme courts rule. The last level police organization is the federal government. (Walker and Katz 2008) states, â€Å"The role of each federal agency is specified by federal statute. In important respects, federal agencies have far less complex role than that of municipal agencies.Federal agents do not have the ambiguous and difficult order maintenance responsibilities, do not maintain 911 emergency telephone services, and are not asked to handle vague disturbance calls† (para. 61). â€Å"Federal Law Enforcement Officers are authorized to enforce various laws not only at the federal level, but also state, county, and local in many circumstances† (Wikipedia 2010). There are numerous federal agencies such as, Department of Agriculture, Department of Commerce, Department of Defense, or Department of Energy to just name a few.All federal agencies are limited by the U. S. Code, but because of the USA PATRIOT Act (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001), federal power has broadened in scope. As (Grant and Terry 2008) state, â€Å"researchers have found four main theories or explanations. The first Psychological theories, argue that core attitudes are formed before the individual enters the police force and are a function of such things as family background, social status, and prior education.Next, Educational theories, state that core attitudes are acquired during police training and early years on the street and are passed on to recruits by older, more experienced police officers. Also, Sociological theories, state that police attitudes are shaped by the daily demands of police work and reflect the â€Å"working culture† of policing. Lastly, Organizational theories, argues that police attitudes and values are shaped by the organizational and working culture of policing and the demands pla ced upon officers by their police colleagues† (p. 223). Whether officers exhibit similar personality traits and the extent to which hese are caused by predisposing factors or a socialization into the police culture is the subject of many diverse explanations: psychological, educational, sociological, and organizational. ‘The influence of historical factors on officer perceptions of suspiciousness must also be considered in discussing the origins of police culture. Police are in many ways a reflection of the larger societal force in which they are embedded† (Grant and Terry 2008, p. 235).References * Grant, B. & Terry, J. (2008). â€Å"Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, (2th)† Retrieved from: https://ecampus. phoenix. du/content/eBookLibrary2/content/DownloadList. aspx? assetMetaId=08c377a1-ea3a-4b46-be5d-363667e36f97&assetDataId=86388622-06ef-4ecb-a9bb-bd30d479b2a2 Maguire, E. (2003). â€Å"Organizational Structure in American Police Agencies† Retrieved from: http://books. google. com/books? id=nJtIrM_rtbsC&dq=police+departments+organization&printsec=frontcover&source=in&hl=en&ei=UITlTO-XEIf0swPBlMCxCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=11&sqi=2&ved=0CGQQ6AEwCg#v=onepage&q=police%20departments%20organization&f=false Wikipedia, (2010) Retrieved from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Police * *

John the Savage’s New World

Brave New World Essay In Brave New World, John the Savage willfully exiles himself from the reservation, where he was born and raised, in order to travel to the new world; because of his passion for learning and this twisted idea of becoming happy through his acceptance. Aloud Huxley has written a novel where the main character experiences a type of exile that is tragically unalienable while being beneficial.John's experiences in the world state were enriching; however, they were even more alienating and they ended up being so potent that it eventually pushed John to his early demise. John's exile was stimulating because of his discovery that truth and happiness are incompatible. He is faced with the idea that he will not be completely accepted by others because of how he is unlike anyone in the utopian society. His self-value was based on how others perceived him, his exile allowed him to see that his value should not be found in others.Upon their arrival to the World State, Bernard begins to parade John around to the other citizens in order to gain popularity. John recognizes the fact that the imaginary happiness that he has created for himself In he new world is fake, he decides that he â€Å"rather be unhappy than have the sort of false, lying happiness† that Bernard has from his newfound social status (Huxley 179). John becomes disturbed by the culture; he begins to accept the fact that these people only want to meet him because of how different he Is from them.John's exile was educational and allowed him to see veracity; however, his outcast was even more destructive to him because of how It shatters his beliefs, the way It Isolates him from the citizens in the world state, how he feels that he was contaminated by their society, and overall It distances himself even further from anyone from either of his two worlds. His newfound perspective altered the manner he Interpreted everything In Its entirety and unfortunately his transformation of viewpoin ts Is for the worse.In an argument with Mustache Mood, Mustache claims that John Is â€Å"claiming the right to be unhappy† and John responds by defiantly agreeing with him and saying that he Is In fact â€Å"claiming the right to be unhappy' (Huxley 240). John and Mustache have separate Ideas of what happiness Is. Mustache thinks â€Å"happiness Is a hard master – particularly other people's happiness† (Huxley 226). He chooses to pursue political power over scientific truth, Mustache genuinely believes In the system of the World State; he's not compromising his values, he's fighting for them.John, however, believes that happiness Is found with the Individual and he freely admits that he hates the way that this new collocation Is systematically run. Brave New World portrays a society that has been designed for Idealistic happiness and not the Individual. Everyone values their own entity over their happiness, as John the Savage's exile enlightens the audience; a nd the lack of Independence In Huxley evolve strikes a certain fear of this kind of society Into the reader. Huxley society Is one that Is constructed from standards that would not be deemed as moral In this day and age.John the Savage's New World By griffin recognizes the fact that the imaginary happiness that he has created for himself in people only want to meet him because of how different he is from them. John's more destructive to him because of how it shatters his beliefs, the way it isolates him society, and overall it distances himself even further from anyone from either of his two worlds. His newfound perspective altered the manner he interpreted everything n its entirety and unfortunately his transformation of viewpoints is for the worse.In an argument with Mustache Mood, Mustache claims that John is â€Å"claiming the right to be unhappy' and John responds by defiantly agreeing with him and saying that he is in fact â€Å"claiming the right to be unhappy' (Huxley 240) . John and Mustache have separate ideas of what happiness is. Mustache thinks â€Å"happiness is a hard master – particularly other people's happiness† (Huxley 226). He chooses to pursue political power over scientific truth, Mustache genuinely believes in the system of the World State; he's not compromising his values, he's fighting for them.John, however, believes that happiness is found with the individual and he freely admits that he hates the way that this new civilization is systematically run. Portrays a society that has been designed for idealistic happiness and not the individual. Everyone values their own entity over their happiness, as John the Savage's exile enlightens the audience; and the lack of independence in Huxley novel strikes a certain fear of this kind of society into the reader. Huxley society is one that is constructed from standards that would not be deemed as moral in this

Brahms essays

Brahms essays Johannes Brahms was born in Hamburg on May 7, 1833. He was one of the major composers of the 19th century, whose works combined the best of the classical and romantic schools. He first studied violin and cello with his father, a double bass player for the Hamburg opera. Brahms became a talented pianist: he gave his first public recital at the age of fourteen and made his living by playing in dance halls and taverns. In 1853, Brahms went on tour with Eduard Remenyl, a Hungarian violinist. During this tour, Johannes met Franz Liszt. Brahms, however, never became personally friendly with Liszt. On the same tour, Brahms met Joseph Joachim, who in turn introduced him to Robert Schumann. Schumann had a huge impact on Brahms musical career. Schumann called Brahms the coming genius of German music. He was so impressed by Brahms unfinished compositions that he wrote a raving magazine article about them. Schumann then arranged for the publication of Brahms first songs and piano sonatas. When Schumann suffered a nervous collapse and tried to commit suicide, Brahms rushed to Dusseldorf to be by Claras side (Shumanns wife). His motives were those of a loyal friend, by he soon fell in love with her. She greatly valued Brahms support, but kept him at a proper distance. In 1856, Schumann died. Brahms remained a good friend with his wife Clara until she died in 1896. Brahms never married. After being rejected for a post as conductor in Hamburg, Brahms visited Vienna and made a home for himself there in 1868. Although he earned a good income from publishers and from playing and conducting his works, Brahms always lived frugally. He lived simply in modest lodgings; enjoyed his food but was not extravagant; his clothes were out of fashion and often untidy, yet always clean. His choral work in Vienna prepared him for a famous piece called the German Requiem, which was based on biblical texts rather than the Rom...

Punctuation with Parenthetical Phrasing

Punctuation with Parenthetical Phrasing Punctuation with Parenthetical Phrasing Punctuation with Parenthetical Phrasing By Mark Nichol Parenthetical phrasing is often punctuated incorrectly, as shown in the following examples, each of which is followed by a discussion and a revision. 1. That’s why they choose to live in San Francisco proper instead of say a suburb like Daly City. In this sentence, say is being used as a synonym for the parenthetical phrase â€Å"for example,† and like that phrase, it must be set off from the sentence: â€Å"That’s why they choose to live in San Francisco proper instead of, say, a suburb like Daly City.† 2. As these companies continue to evolve, a focus on organizational structure and governance framework as well as monitoring, testing, and reporting, become increasingly important. This sentence consists of three components: a subordinate clause, a main clause, and a parenthetical clause within the main clause. However, the parenthetical clause is not correctly set off from the main clause- a comma must precede â€Å"as well as† (the beginning of the parenthetical phrase) to counterbalance the one that follows reporting (the end of the parenthetical phrase): â€Å"As these companies continue to evolve, a focus on organizational structure and governance framework, as well as monitoring, testing, and reporting, become increasingly important.† 3. It’s imperative for them to have a longer-term approach to the market, and based on that, make permanent changes to their operations. The superfluous first comma in this sentence exists on the mistaken presumption that it must be placed there to separate two independent clauses. However, this sentence consists of a single main clause with the parenthetical phrase â€Å"based on that,† which should be preceded and followed by a pair of commas, so the first comma must follow, not precede, and: â€Å"It’s imperative for them to have a longer-term approach to the market and, based on that, make permanent changes to their operations.† Compare this sentence, which does consist of two independent clauses correctly separated by a comma and includes a second comma whose function is to set the introductory phrase â€Å"at times† off from the rest of the second independent clause: â€Å"Decisions have to be based on realistic considerations, and at times, that’s when a third party is helpful.† Compare it as well to â€Å"There have been dozens of bankruptcies so far, and, as Smith mentioned, some have already restructured and exited bankruptcy.† This sentence consists of two independent clauses (separated by the comma between far and and) and the parenthetical phrase â€Å"as Smith mentioned,† which is bracketed by two additional commas that have no relation to the first comma. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect ObjectsDo you "orient" yourself, or "orientate" yourself?40 Words Beginning with "Para-"

Air transport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Air transport - Essay Example How would people get to these destinations? Since most people cannot walk to any of these destinations and both Cuba and Hawaii are islands so driving is an impossibility, without airports, airlines and planes visiting any of destinations would be next to impossible. Airlines have rejuvenated the tourism industry and contributed to the globalization of the tourist trade. Without airlines this industry were be remarkably different and would not be the lucrative global industry that it has now become. Airlines give us unparalleled choice in the vacations we choose and commercial flight operators are the backbone of the dynamic tourist trade. Seeking to understand structure of the airline industry through a holistic analysis, this research paper identify three innovations brought by the major carriers in the 1980s and discuss how these innovations have changed the structure of the airline industry. This early section will be descriptive and will describe the major changes put forth by the most important airline players in the 1980s and will explore how these changes in fact contributed to the dramatic alteration of an industry which has always been in a state of flux and evolution. Following this analysis, the second component of this research paper will be prescriptive in nature and will discuss how the structure of the airline industry will change in the next 10 years. The bulk of this assignment will explore the future if the airline industry; by looking at the major issues facing the global airline industry in the future we will help provide solutions to the major challenges facing this dynamic industry. In the context of the United States, the deregulation of the airline industry set the stage for the complete transformation of the American airline industry. Accordingly in 1978, US President Jimmy Carter signed the Airline Deregulation Act, a United States federal law which paved the way for major changes to the airline industry in the United

Introduction to Web 2.0 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introduction to Web 2.0 - Essay Example There are many examples of web 2.0 technologies being used today, from blogs and Wikipedia to Facebook and other social media platforms where users interact with one another via a centralized website on a daily basis. However, in addition to simply changing the way websites operate, web 2.0 has also drastically changed how advertising works on the Internet. As recruitment is a form of advertising, the rest of this memorandum will focus on two ways web 2.0-based advertising can be used to attract management-level employees. These methods take advantage of the way that social networking sites work to â€Å"bring [users’] real identity information with them wherever they go on the Web† (Martin). As users are far more involved in content creation, there is far more information available on specific users, and ads can be targeted with greater efficiency than ever before. II. Facebook Facebook is arguably the biggest social networking site on the web. ... Using Facebook in this way it is possible to create not only a place to inform potential management-level employees about new postings, but to enhance brand loyalty and further keep consumers informed about your company and its products. For informing candidates about job postings, the page can be used to announce new openings, which will automatically be distributed to anyone subscribing to the Facebook page. These announcements can be descriptions of the openings, or just links to where candidates can go to apply. As users will sign up to follow your Page, they will do the outreach work for you. The other way Facebook can be used to find potential employees is through the use of its advertisement system. Unlike creating a Page, this option is not free. However, it is more effective than most online advertising because the advertisement can be custom-tailored based on information on people's Facebook profiles. For instance, you could have the job ad only show up on the profiles of p eople who are actually qualified for the job, ensuring that only those who would be able to do the job well would apply. If a Facebook Page was created, ads could also link to that page instead of directly to a job posting, allowing one ad to work for all available job postings. Facebook is accessible at http://www.facebook.com. To create a Facebook page, go to http://www.facebook.com/Pages. Facebook advertisements can be purchased at http://www.facebook.com/advertising. III. Twitter An alternative method to Facebook—or one that could be effectively used in conjunction with it—is Twitter. Twitter is a website which allows users to post short statements about their lives. Much like blogging, Twitter is popular amongst

The Role of WTO in the Liberalization of Trade Literature review

The Role of WTO in the Liberalization of Trade - Literature review Example International monetary affairs and trade are interlinked due to the fact that monetary and fiscal areas are also associated with exports and productivity growths. Integration of evolving economies into the international economy facilitates competition for capital and aid. It is evident from capital flow from expanding markets by commercial banks, private investors and multinational enterprises. The recent financial crisis has highlighted the risks involved in this process. Therefore, IMF and World Bank actively play their roles as financer or as a watchdog.WTO plays a critical role in drawing funds through trade and foreign investment liberalization. International trade is imperative for economic growth; therefore, it is essential for emerging economies to accelerate economic reforms (Hoogmartens, 2004, p.9). The fundamental objectives of WTO as well as its predecessor GATT, as Hoogmartens (2004) observes are to serve as a forum to negotiate trade liberalization, to monitor and develop better measures for transparency and to work for resolve issues between trade participants. In addition to that, the fundamental objective includes raising living standards, working towards providing full employment, production and trade expansion, and ultimately, optimal utilization of the world’s resources. In order to achieve these objectives, WTO/GATT work towards fixing or limiting the impact of trade barriers, for instance, quotas, customs process, tariffs, state trading and subsidies in addition to paving the way for trade liberalization(p.10). Hoogmartens (2004) further states, â€Å"Tariffs are generally believed to distort competition and to attribute monopoly rents to producers in countries that uphold them. Quotas are also believed to distort competition, but usually, do not yield more p rofit for domestic producers. Furthermore, their administration may yield corruption, just as discriminatory licensing may†. (p.10)  

Educational Paradigms Essay Example for Free

Educational Paradigms Essay Paradigms are ways of thinking or getting things done. As time passes and new concepts evolve, the way things are being done or implemented begin to undergo significant changes. Paradigms are continually shifting and this is unavoidable. For example, prior to the beginning of the information age, education could only be achieved by physically seeking admission and going through manual registration processes before one could be considered a student. The situation has changed today. Most of these processes may now be achieved online, as is the case with American Intercontinental University (AIU). A new educational paradigm has been ushered in as a result of technological advancements (Riegle, n. d. ). Which paradigm best describes your current learning organizational environment? Why? Provide an example. The ideal paradigm is the one that favours the emergence of standard practices, improved methodologies, and a range of resources that help to establish benchmarks and develop instructional strategies that give students the opportunity to learn properly and reap the benefits of education optimally. American Intercontinental University (AIU) provides an online educational system that offers increased accessibility to students from the convenience of their homes. This is accomplished through the use of up-to-date technological devices, software programs, internet connection, and computers. Since technology has turned the world into a global village, the educational paradigm is gradually shifting from the use of traditional classrooms to an online learning system. This learning platform has necessitated the need for an interactive method of learning to supplement the lecture materials, sample essays and the numerous resources that are made available to students to facilitate their learning process. For example, Instructional strategies that involve the use of chat rooms, discussion groups, emails, forums or message boards are employed to achieve learning. How does your organizational paradigm affect your assessments and measurement of student learning? AIU strives to balance learning strategies by adopting principles of various learning theories and applying them to instructional design and students’ assessment. The University presents materials to students in formats that they can easily understand, usually in the form of video, audio, presentations, and other related methods. Measurement of student learning is achieved through the evaluation of students’ participation in group activities, discussion groups, learning teams, chat rooms, and ability to use concept maps, mnemonics or organizers to reflect their knowledge of concepts. This is in support of the Cognitivism theory which states that it is important to understand how the human mind works so that we can understand how students learn (Learning Theories Knowledgebase, 2008). Assessment of learning is also done by giving students home work, assignments or group projects so that they can learn through their own activities and personal experiences. This is a very important paradigm at AIU since most of the learning activities take place online. Students are encouraged to learn through simulation, exploration and active participation in message boards and various projects assigned to them. This method of assessment is in agreement with the constructivism theory which states that knowledge is imbibed through active participation and engagement of the learner. The theory asserts that for knowledge to be retained, it is important to link new concepts with familiar concepts (Learning Theories Knowledgebase, 2008). On a personal level, which paradigm do you feel most represents your own views of education and assessment? Even though technology has its numerous benefits and offers students various opportunities of convenience and ease of use, traditional learning methods should also be sustained because each style of learning has its own benefits. It’s important to maximize the advantages of each learning style so that optimal results may be achieved. In consonance with the theory of behaviorism, good performance should always be rewarded with praise, awards or any other form of recognition to encourage the students, while the undesired behavior (bad performance) may be rewarded by holding back such rewards (Learning Theories Knowledgebase, 2008). This ensures that individual performances in learning are immediately observed and weak points are focused on for possible improvement. By balancing the learning theories and employing the use of best practices in administering lectures to students, learning can indeed become an enhanced and exciting experience. References Learning Theories Knowledgebase. (2008). Index of Learning Theories and Models. Retrieved September 25, 2008 from http://www. learning-theories. com Riegle, R. P. (n. d. ). Educational Paradigms. Visionary Leadership for the Information Age. Retrieved September 26 from http://people. coe. ilstu. edu/rpriegle/wwwdocs/paradigm/welcome. htm

Edgar Allen Poe :: essays research papers

Edgar Allen Poe   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many a great author have come to inhibit to the world distinguished literary merit, some to be considered masterpieces of novelty, others to be frowned upon for not meeting the requirements of civilized society. Edgar Allen Poe was one of the authors frowned upon because his talent of writing was based on bringing out the fears and deep suspense of which a single person can barely hold on to.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Quoth the raven, ‘Nevermore’† take into account the essence of this single phrase used in Poe’s writing, so simple; and yet so strategically placed as to pull the reader deeper and farther into Poe’s own imagination; as to for just a moment cause the reader to be Poe, see as Poe, think as Poe, and for even shorter a moment experience the fear and enthrallment that Poe faces while writing his novels. Edgar Allen Poe had a way to manipulate the mind, to cause what people feared and loathed to come to life; but at the same time keep a distinctive grasp on any who read his literature, once a story or poem was began it was a trap that pulled you in and held on, the only way out was to finish the whole way through. Somehow, Poe initiated a method of incorporating suspense and trickery into his novels and poems, a reader may be anxious to get to the end and find out what was the final occurrence was; while at the same time the read er knew that paying attention to the story carefully, was of vital importance to understand why, what happened at the end happened.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Edgar Allen Poe was quite good at using guilt as a side effect; he would cause the antagonist of his stories to think of themselves as the better people when they would commit deeds of revenge and or trickery. But what normally began as pride or reason for the deed would quickly be reversed within time to guilt and pain. Poe had a way of describing the pain of others, especially guilt he would find distinctive phrases and or words that would describe pain as unending and inescapable, to a point of anxiety where you don’t think you can take much more and just at that exact moment; at the apex of the climactic sequence Poe would deliver an astonishing blow that would cause you to slow back down and relax at the stories end. Edgar Allen Poe :: essays research papers Edgar Allen Poe   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many a great author have come to inhibit to the world distinguished literary merit, some to be considered masterpieces of novelty, others to be frowned upon for not meeting the requirements of civilized society. Edgar Allen Poe was one of the authors frowned upon because his talent of writing was based on bringing out the fears and deep suspense of which a single person can barely hold on to.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Quoth the raven, ‘Nevermore’† take into account the essence of this single phrase used in Poe’s writing, so simple; and yet so strategically placed as to pull the reader deeper and farther into Poe’s own imagination; as to for just a moment cause the reader to be Poe, see as Poe, think as Poe, and for even shorter a moment experience the fear and enthrallment that Poe faces while writing his novels. Edgar Allen Poe had a way to manipulate the mind, to cause what people feared and loathed to come to life; but at the same time keep a distinctive grasp on any who read his literature, once a story or poem was began it was a trap that pulled you in and held on, the only way out was to finish the whole way through. Somehow, Poe initiated a method of incorporating suspense and trickery into his novels and poems, a reader may be anxious to get to the end and find out what was the final occurrence was; while at the same time the read er knew that paying attention to the story carefully, was of vital importance to understand why, what happened at the end happened.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Edgar Allen Poe was quite good at using guilt as a side effect; he would cause the antagonist of his stories to think of themselves as the better people when they would commit deeds of revenge and or trickery. But what normally began as pride or reason for the deed would quickly be reversed within time to guilt and pain. Poe had a way of describing the pain of others, especially guilt he would find distinctive phrases and or words that would describe pain as unending and inescapable, to a point of anxiety where you don’t think you can take much more and just at that exact moment; at the apex of the climactic sequence Poe would deliver an astonishing blow that would cause you to slow back down and relax at the stories end.

Organic Food Industry in India Essay

India today is on the threshold of an organic revolution and Indian Organic Food industry though at a nascent stage, has experienced steadfast growth in past few years. The country’s budding organic food market is transforming into world’s fastest growing organic food market backed by a shift in consumer behavior and spending patterns. Trends in the Industry Organic Food Stores New Varieties on offer Rising Investments Marketing Techniques Organic Food Industry has been blossoming in India. The industry to which overseas demand/exports was oxygen to breathe will be experiencing a colossal change in the consumption pattern in times to come. With growing health awareness among the people coupled with rising disposable incomes and support from Indian government, organic food will surely secure a permanent place in Indian households. Evolving perception of organic food from being a luxury only for elite to a necessity will drive the domestic consumption. Also, overseas demand for Indian organic food will remain robust and continue to drive the industry to rare heights. Indian Organic Food industry currently pegged at USD 189 million in 2011 is stated to grow at a CAGR of ~45%, to reach USD 1733 million by 2017. SCOPE OF THE REPORT Indian Organic Food Industry at a glance Emerging trends in the industry like organic food stores, Rising investments, Marketing techniques etc Demand Supply scenario encompassing production, demand & export numbers and projections Factors driving growth, Issues & Challenges Government Regulations & Initiatives in Indian market Major players Forecasts REASONS TO BUY To understand the various factors which are fuelling the growth and those which are/will be critical for the industry performance in the near term Comprehensive report covering all the aspects required to understand the industry performance and future prospects. The report elucidates the current market scenario of the industry and forecasts key parameters which helps to anticipate the industry performance A burgeoning organic market beckons to India’s rural farmers Indian farmers have started to reap dividends from their budding interest in organic farming. It wasn’t long back, around seven years ago, when Indian farmers started to go organic. In 2006-07, around 4. 32 lakh ha reported organic produce — a large portion came from wild and non-agricultural land — which has now reached around 11 lakh ha, as per the recent report ‘The World of Organic Agriculture, 2013’ by FiBL and IFOAM (Research Institute of Organic Agriculture and International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements). â€Å"The growth rate has reached around 20% per year, much higher than early expectations,† says Krishan Chandra, director, National Centre of Organic Farming. The current market for organic foods in India is pegged at Rs. 2,500 crore, which according to ASSOCHAM, is expected to reach Rs. 6,000 crore by 2015. It’ll still leave us at 1% of the global market. Thus, a huge potential is seen in the nascent Indian organic sector. â€Å"Apart from states like Sikkim or MP, we’re seeing a rising interest in Gujarat, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, UP and Bihar,† says Chandra. India outnumbers every other country in terms of organic producers — with an estimated 5,47,591. Organic products, which until now were mainly being exported, are now finding consumers in the domestic market. â€Å"Even Tier II cities like Nagpur, Allahabad, Gorakhpur and Bhatinda show an increase in organic consumption,† says Sunil Kumar, AGM at Morarka Rural Research Foundation. According to a survey of 1,000 consumers in ten cities done by Morarka Organic Foods, around 30% of Indian consumers preferred organic products and were even prepared to pay 10 to 20% more for them. â€Å"Soil abused by chemical fertiliser excesses takes more time to produce comparable yields. Although, the cost of organic cultivation is much less, reducing cost incurred in purchasing costly inputs,† says Rohitashwa Ghakar, Project Head, International Competence Centre for Organic Agriculture. * Regions reap their rewards North Growth: In UP, organic certification has gone up 36 fold in the last six years. The area under organic cultivation rose from 3,034 to 111,644 ha. However, most of the organic farming is under a corporate-farmer contract. In Haryana, with hardly any takers till 2008, organic crops today are produced in more than 10,000 ha. However, Punjab farmers have shown little interest. Of the total 4046 lakh ha of land under cultivation, only a minuscule portion 2104 ha is under organic farming. Popular organic crops: Nearly 40,000 farmers in UP are growing organic wheat, rice, pulses, maize, and numerous herbs like Tulsi, Ashwagandh, Aloe Vera. Haryana grows mostly vegetables like tomato, beans, or fruits like summer-squash, melons and mangoes. â€Å"Although I sell the produce in Delhi, most of it goes to retail chains†, says Kanwal Chauhan, a farmer in Sonepat. Challenges: Punjab State Farmers’ Commission consultant Dr PS Rangi feels that organic farming cannot feed the entire country. â€Å"One can grow vegetables or some wheat for personal use, but it can’t be grown on a large scale. † (By Pankaj Jaiswal, Rajesh Moudgil and Gurpreet Nibber) South Growth: In Kerala, at least 40 % of the farming is organic and the state is set to become the second fully organic state after Sikkim in 2016. From 7,000 ha in 2007, the state has spread organic cultivation to 16,000 ha. In Andhra Pradesh another 11,500 ha would be added to the current 4273. 54 ha this year. In Karnataka, under the organic programmes of the state, an area of 1,18,676 ha has seen organic farming benefiting around one lakh farmers, said R Anuradha, agriculture department. Popular organic crops: More than grains and pulses in Kerala organic farming is prevalent in cash crops, rice and vegetables. In Andhra’s smaller towns and villages, people are slowly shifting to organically grown rice, ragi and other millets. In Karnataka, crops like pepper, vanilla, coffee, nutmeg — which are not available in other parts of India — are a popular choice. Challenges: In large tracts of the state’s tribal belt like Karnataka and AP, the farmers have engaged in slash/burn farming for generations and do not use any pesticide or fertilizer. There have been no efforts to take this into account. (By Ramesh Babu, Ashok Das and Naveen Ammembala) North East Growth: 30. 92 lakh ha out of the net cultivated area of 43 lakh ha in the region have never seen the use of chemical fertilisers. Almost 89% of farmland is categorised as organic in Mizoram, which passed an Organic Act in 2004. Whereas Meghalaya, a major strawberry producer, eyes a turnout of 500 MT from the current 250 MT a year. Popular organic crops: Much of the area in the region is taken up by paddy, vegetables and fruits such as grapes. The more prosperous farmers are into cultivation of medicinal plants, rose and anthurium, primarily for export. â€Å"Mizoram has become the largest anthurium flower producer in India, owing to almost 98% of women anthurium growers,† said Samuel Rosanglura of Mizoram’s horticulture department. Challenges: Most state governments promote vermi-compost and manure in the region since bio-fertilisers and bio-pesticides are difficult to access. (By Rahul Karmakar) West Growth: Gujarat has seen substantial growth in organic farming. It currently utilises around 42,000 ha under organic farming. Maharashtra has been a front runner in organic farming with around 6. 5 lakh ha under it, a huge rise from 18,786 ha in 2005-06. In Rajasthan, there has been a ten-fold increase. From around 22,000 ha in 2005-06, the state has taken a leap to 2,17,712 ha. Popular organic crops: Gujarat grows organic wheat, pulses and fruits like mango, chikoo and papaya. While cotton, turmeric, ginger are some crops grown in Rajasthan. In Maharashtra, cotton, cereals, fruits dominate the organic farming scene. The state has initiated a pilot project to grow grapes that will produce organic wine. Challenges: â€Å"Tribals who hardly use chemical fertilisers are left out of organic benefits,† says Kapil Shah of Jatan Trust that promotes organic farming. (By Mahesh Langa) Yoav Lev was a 22-year-old backpacker when he first came to India in 1987. A graduate from an agricultural boarding school in Israel, he came seeking inner peace from his ‘spiritual guru’, the late H. W. L. Poonja of Lucknow, better known as Papaji. â€Å"The quest was to find my true purpose and true self,† he says. He eventually stayed on in India, taking on a new name, Bharat Mitra, and is currently the Founder and President of Organic India, one of India’s leading organic foods companies. It ended 2012 with Rs 60 crore revenues and hopes to reach Rs 90 crore this year, with about half of its sales in India. Five years ago, 75 per cent of our revenue came from exports and the rest from the domestic market. Now both markets have equal share:Raj Seelam Photo: A Prabhakar Rao Organic foods are those made from agricultural products grown without the use of pesticides or chemical fertilisers. It was from Papaji that Lev learnt the healing power of tulsi (basil plant). By 1997, he had begun cultivating three types of tulsi organically in Azamgarh in eastern Uttar Pradesh. In 2006 he launched Organic India with tulsi tea as its flagship product. Today, the company makes 18 different flavours of tulsi tea and 33 different herbal formulations or supplements, which are said to have medicinal value. He is gearing up to launch a complete range of organic food items, including rice and pulses. â€Å"We are in the final stages of a very promising joint venture to launch a comprehensive range of products both for the Indian market and for exports,† says Lev. He prefers not to reveal the name of the well known Indian company he is negotiating with. Lev is not alone. A clutch of entrepreneurs in India is betting big on the domestic organic food market . Consider Raj Seelam, an Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad alumnus. When Lev first took up tulsi cultivation, some 1,200 km down south in Hyderabad, Seelam was still selling pesticides and fertilisers. From 1988 to 2000, he worked in the farm inputs division of E. I. D Parry, a Murugappa Group company, one of the largest industrial groups in India. â€Å"It gave me a chance to interact closely with farmers and see the havoc that indiscriminate use of pesticides can create,† he says. This spurred him to consider organic farming, even though he was aware agribusinesses rarely succeed in India, because of low margins and excessive government control. Today, his company, Sresta Natural Bioproducts, sells a range of 200 organic products in India and overseas from rice, pulses, sugar, and juices to breakfast cereals and jams. â€Å"Five years ago, 75 per cent of our revenue came from exports and the balance from the domestic market. Now both markets have equal share,† he says. Indeed, the demand for organic foods in India has seen a sharp growth in recent years. While earlier, organic food producers primarily aimed at exports to Europe and the United States, there is now a gradual shift. â€Å"The demand for organic foods has been growing and today we stock a range of around 38 different organic foods in 40 stores as against just about half a dozen stores three years ago,† says S. Jagdish Krishnan, Chief Operating Officer of the retail and bakery divisions of Heritage Foods, an organic food company with a big presence in Bangalore, Chennai and Hyderabad. Most of the big retail chains now stock organic products, including Godrej Nature’s Basket, Hyper City, Food Bazaar, More, Nilgiris, Spencers and Tesco – Starbazar. While no of-ficial figures are available, industry estimates put the organic food market within India at close to Rs 100 crore, having grown five-fold in the last six years. When Seelam began organic cultivation in 2004, not a single domestic retailer was willing to stock his products. They feared stocks would not move, since organic foods are significantly more expensive than conventional foods. That is partly due to higher processing costs, since they choose to eschew chemical additives, as well as higher packaging costs, to ensure a reasonably long shelf life. A kilo of Sona Masuri rice, a well known brand, for instance, sells at Rs 40 per kg while organic rice of the same variety costs Rs 60 per kg. Again, tur dal (a commonly used variety of pulses in India) is available at Rs 90 per kg while its organic version costs Rs 140 per kg. This is despite the doubling of prices of these commodities in the past three years, while the organic variants have stayed at almost the same price levels. Seelam was forced to focus on exports. But unwilling to give up on the local market, he set up his own retail stores in four cities – Hyderabad, Bangalore, Pune and Chennai – to promote organic products. Today, almost every major retail outlet is willing to stock his products. He has a presence in close to 40 cities and towns, ranging from Patiala in the north to Guntur in the south, and broke even last year. So, why have domestic consumers taken to organic foods despite their cost? Mukesh Gupta, Director of Morarka Organic, which mainly focuses on the domestic market, attributes it to rising disposable incomes and improved awareness about the health benefits of organic foods. â€Å"From 2007 to 2012, the average middle class income in India has shot up. The consumer is willing to pay more for good quality food,† he says. Between 2007 and 2012, the average middle class income in India has shot up. The consumer is willing to pay more for goodquality food: Mukesh Gupta Photo: Vivan Mehra/www. indiatodayimages. com The demand for organic foods will only grow in India, organic food producers claim, with the implementation of the Food Safety and Standards Act from February this year. The new law sets more stringent standards of food safety – raising the bar on the quality of food manufacture, storage, distribution, sale and import. The stress on quality under the new Act will push up prices of foodstuff made using conventional techniques, reducing the price differential with organic food, and boosting sales, asserts Gupta. However, consumers would do well to ensure that they only buy certified organic products, say producers. Organic food products manufactured in and exported from India are marked with the ‘India Organic’ certification mark issued by certification agencies accredited under the the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) and monitored by the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA). Most of the ing organic food companies in India voluntarily opt for this certification, though it is not mandatory for domestic sales. â€Å"The demand for certified organic foods has been growing since 2001. These are produced by about 570,000 small farmers in India with 500,000 hectares under cultivation,† says National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) Organic products are grown under a system of agriculture without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides with an environmentally and socially responsible approach. This is a method of farming that works at grass root level preserving the reproductive and regenerative capacity of the soil, good plant nutrition, and sound soil management, produces nutritious food rich in vitality which has resistance to diseases. India is bestowed with lot of potential to produce all varieties of organic products due to its various agro climatic regions. In several parts of the country, the inherited tradition of organic farming is an added advantage. This holds promise for the organic producers to tap the market which is growing steadily in the domestic market related to the export market. Currently, India ranks 33rd in terms of total land under organic cultivation and 88th position for agriculture land under organic crops to total farming area. The cultivated land under certification is around 4. 43 million Ha ( 2010-11). The Government of India has implemented the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP). The national programme involves the accreditation programme for certification bodies, norms for organic production, promotion of organic farming etc. The NPOP standards for production and accreditation system have been recognized by European Commission and Switzerland as equivalent to their country standards. Similarly, USDA has recognized NPOP conformity assessment procedures of accreditation as equivalent to that of US. With these recognitions, Indian organic products duly certified by the accredited certification bodies of India are accepted by the importing countries. PRODUCTION India produced around 3. 88 million MT of certified organic products which includes all varieties of food products namely Basmati rice, Pulses, Honey, Tea, Spices, Coffee, Oil Seeds, Fruits, Processed food, Cereals, Herbal medicines and there value added products. The production is not limited to the edible sector but also produces organic cotton fiber, garments, cosmetics, functional food products, body care products, etc. EXPORTS India exported 86 items last year (2010-11) with the total volume of 69837 MT. The export realization was around 157. 22 million US $ registering a 33% growth over the previous year. Organic products are mainly exported to EU, US, Australia, Canada, Japan, Switzerland, South Africa and Middle East. Oil Crops (except Sesame) leads among the products exported (17966 MT).